Introduction: Musculoskeletal problems are the common complaints of patients refer to internal medicine clinics and the pain is the most important of them. There are different physiotherapy methods for reduction of pain and action POTENTIAL simulation therapy (APS therapy) is one of newest methods. The aim of this study was to determine reduction of pain with APS therapy. Materials & Methods: In 47 patients with different musculoskeletal pain APS therapy performed in 6 days each for 16 minutes and with current of 0.7-1.2 mA. Pain (VAS), Global functional status (ACR) and relief of pain (VAS) before and after study compared.Results: APS therapy reduced pain (p<0.001) and increased Global functional status (p<0.001) and increased relief of pain (p<0.005) but there was not any correlation between this reduction of pain with APS therapy and educational status and past history of physiotherapy and duration of illness in these patients.Conclusion: APS therapy is a useful physiotherapy modality for reduction of pain in musculoskeletal problems.

In an airshed without stationary and mobile recording of index pollutants density and emission, air POLLUTION POTENTIAL hazard assessing with quantiative experimental models provide a valuable basic data for determination of industry allocation regulations and emission standards of air POLLUTION in Golestan province, a widespread weighted numerical model was prepared with 44 bio-physico-chemical  effective parameters and implemented in the framework of 198 equi-poteial environmental units (a 44*198 matrix). This model according to the effect of each parameter upon air POLLUTION, contains three groups of parameters including I-decreasing (8, indicator of environment refinery capacity), 2- increasing (31, indicator of environment POLLUTION susceptibility), and 3-decreasing-increasing parameters (8,related to critical limits or specific standards). Weight of each parameter was determined according to its relative importance in air POLLUTION POTENTIAL and exceeding from ambient air standard in a-3 to +3 graded scale, and also rate of parameter class (2 to 5 class) was determined on the range and allowable limit of ambient air standard in a 1to 5 value scale. Total number or hazard index of air POLLUTION in each environmental unit was calculated by multiplying of weight to rate of every parameter and sum of positive and negative values of all parameters, and finally divided to 5 classes. With implementation of model with different data sources, the POTENTIAL hazard of air POLLUTION in Golestan province evaluated and mapped as choropleth on a semi-detailed level at 1:250000 scale. Results show that the province contains all of the 5 hazard classes of the model, and there are significant differences (at P<0.01 level) between number (and area of the polygons of hazard classes). This numerical model has actually a necessary spatial and thematic resolution for planning of air quality management and control. So that, there are close spatial fitness between high hazard classes with densely populated and urban-industry concentrated area of foot hill belt, and low hazard classes with less populated and rural-agricultural areas of province. Therefore, it is possible to calibrate the regional model via systematic watching and monitoring of index pollutants in different part of the J province especially in the critical areas.    

The dumping of solid waste in uncontrolled landfills can cause significant impacts on the environment and human health. The principal concern is focused on the POLLUTION POTENTIAL due to migration of the leachate generated from the landfill sites into the groundwater, the surface water or the sea. In this study, used of a technique that has been developed to quantify the landfill leachate POLLUTION using an index known as Leachate POLLUTION Index (LPI). Also, monitoring of leachate quality was carried out at three dump sites as Talesh, Roudsar, and Ferydounkenar from cities of northern Iran. The leachates were monitored for changes in pH, TDS, COD, BOD, TKN, Ammonia-Nitrogen, and heavy metals. Leachate POLLUTION Index (LPI) for Talesh, Roudsar, and Frydunkenar leachate was 23.64, 27.51, and 17.96, respectively. These results showed that Roudsar leachate is more polluted than Talesh, and Frydunkenar leachate. Further, leachates of three dump sites showed that higher LPI value those than of 7.4 obtained for the treated leachate that can be disposed into inland surface water  are more.

Introduction: Ionic channel rearrangements through the demyelinated axons or supporting media play significant role in remission of the neurological deficit in MS patients. In this study the effects of Verapamil as a calcium channel blocker on central conduction have been investigated through the evaluation of changes in P100 latency of the visual evoked POTENTIAL.Method: This randomized double blinded, placebo-controlled, clinical trial was performed on two groups of 20 multiple sclerosis patients who had been diagnosed for definite MS and had no relapse during the last year. Case group received oral Verapamil, 40 mg, every 8 hours and was compared to Placebo group for changes in P100 latency.Results: In the Verapamil group, the P100 latencies showed an average decrease of 5ms comparing to the placebo group (6.1±4ms vs1 ± 0.5 ms). Verapamil had no significant effect on the VEP duration.Discussion: The present study suggests that pharmacological manipulation of calcium-dependent process, possibly at the level of demyelinated axon, can acutely facilitate central conduction of electrical impulses in some patients with clinically stable multiple sclerosis.

Indoor air POLLUTION is one of the most important environmental subjects in the world with serious side effects on human health. We report the result of a three replications and factorial design experiment that assesses the effect of plants (Epipremnum aureum and Dracaena trifasciata) on the removal of indoor air POLLUTION. To gain the objects, potted plants were placed individually in 125 liters airtight glass containers (chamber) which had a small valve to inject and sucking airs. Each plant was exposure to, benzene 25 and 50 μ, l/l, acetone 25 and 50 μ, l/l, ethanol 50 μ, l/l and methanol 50 μ, l/l during a day (24 hours). According to the biochemical examination electrolyte leakage (%) of pothos was decreased especially in acetone 25 μ, l/l versus on treated sansevieria increased. Total chlorophyll content of sansevieria in all treatments was increased, while it was decreased when pothos exposure to benzene 25, benzene 50 μ, l/l and methanol 50 μ, l/l. Catalase activity and superoxide dismutase showed converse results. In both plant species catalase activity was decreased especially in acetone 50, however superoxide dismutase activity was increased in all treatments and in sansevieria exposure to benzene 50 μ, l/l more than others. There was no significant change in proline content of pothos, although there was significant increase in acetone 50 μ, l/l and ethanol 50 μ, l/l of sansevieria. The results indicate when plants exposure to the benzene, tissue cells damaged more than other treatments while, acetone had least amount of tissue cell damage. According to this paper results, both plant species have the POTENTIAL of indoor air POLLUTION phytoremediation but, pothos had higher adaptability in pollutant indoor area.

Human activities cause to the accumulation of heavy metals in soil. Soil POLLUTION will significantly reduce environmental quality and affect human health. This study aimed to determine the concentration of some heavy metals (Ni, Pb, Fe, Zn, Cr and Cd) and evaluate the effects of Kerman steel industry on concentration of soil heavy metals. A total of 60 samples from the surface soil and a depth of 0-15 cm were collected at different distances from Kerman steel complex and analyzed with Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Some indices of POLLUTION including Contamination factor (Cf), POLLUTION index (PI), POLLUTION load index (PLI), POLLUTION Intensity index (Ipoll), POTENTIAL contamination index (Cp) were calculated to assess the levels of soil contamination. The Pearson correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) was used to determine the origin of pollutants. The results were showed the trend of heavy metal concentration in the study area as Fe>Zn>Pb>Ni>Cr>Cd respectively. The maximum of studied indices was related to Pb and then Zn. Pearson correlation was showed that Zn with Cd and Pb with Cr had significant positive correlation. A PCA results of Cf index was stay Zn and Pb in the first cluster. In the other words, these two elements are more human origin. This study showed that the study area does not need to severe remedial action; however, continuous monitoring of environment is essential.